BOTANICAL REFERENCE
This reference/glossary is for informational purposes only. The products and information provided are not intended to be used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or illness, and are not a substitute for professional medical advice.
General cautions:
· ALWAYS consult a healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are taking medication, have a long-term illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding, to ensure it’s safe for your specific needs.
· Keep out of reach of children.
NAME/LATIN NAME |
BENEFITS |
SIDE EFFECTS/CAUTIONARY |
Arnica (Arnica montana)
|
Reduces swelling and possibly improves circulation in affected areas, speeding up healing. Relieves muscle and joint pain Anti-inflammatory
|
Generally safe for external use but should not be applied on broken skin or open wounds. Do not use if allergic to sunflowers, marigolds, ragweed, or plants from the sunflower family. Speak with your healthcare provider before use if you are taking blood thinners |
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
|
Adaptogen – Stress reliever Helps improve energy levels (fatigue) and enhance overall well-being. Also reduces joint pain and has been used to treat diabetes.
|
It may cause the immune system to become more active and increase symptoms of an auto-immune disease. It can also lower your blood pressure. Side effects may include Nausea, Headache, Drowsiness, and stomach irritation. |
Black Cohosh Root (Cimicifuga racemosa)
|
Used to treat pre-menstrual bloating and mood swings, menstrual cramps, and symptoms you may get during menopause. |
Side effects of using high amounts include Stomach upset, Nausea, and rash. |
Butterbur Root (Petasites hybridus)
|
Antispasmodic – great for allergies. Contains active components that block histamine production and reduce nasal inflammation. It can also help with migraines frequently. The root contains compounds that can help reduce inflammation and spasms. |
Consult your physician if you are allergic to ragweed or hyper-sensitive to Butterbur. If you have liver disease, consult your physician before taking. |
Butterfly Pea Flowers (Clitoria ternatea) |
Helps relieve stress; Rich in antioxidants; Anti-inflammatory; Anxiolytic and Antidepressant. Good for brain health and cognitive function Diuretic and digestive benefits – can help with weight management Eye health |
Consult with a healthcare provider before use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. If you are taking medications for blood pressure or diabetes, consult your healthcare provider. Use with caution if you have low blood pressure. |
Calendula (Calendula officinalis)
|
Antiseptic and anti-inflammatory Reduces swelling and aids wound healing. Contains antimicrobial and antifungal properties. Treats and soothes irritated skin.
|
Calendula is part of the Asteraceae family, which also includes plants like ragweed, chrysanthemums, and daisies. May slow down blood clotting, so it's advisable to stop using it at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery. Consult your physician. |
California Poppy Seed (Eschscholzia californica) |
Stress reliever and can calm the nervous system. Promotes a sense of well-being Natural sedative and sleep aid that does not cause drowsiness. Digestive support Urinary system support |
Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. May interact with other sedative and/or central nervous system medications – consult your healthcare physician before use.
|
Capsaicin
|
Relieves discomfort caused by swollen joints and nerve pain. Relieves itching. Might aid in weight loss. |
Side effects: Burning, redness, soreness, and swelling. |
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla or Chamaemelum nobile)
|
Nervine Great sleep and relaxation aid. Can help with indigestion, gas, bloating, and diarrhea. Anti-inflammatory and pain reliever.
|
Chamomile is part of the Asteraceae family, which also includes plants like ragweed, chrysanthemums, and daisies.
Consult your physician before use if taking a blood thinner.
While Chamomile is considered a generally safe herb, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult a physician before use as it may stimulate uterine contractions. |
Chickweed (Stellaria media)
|
Anti-inflammatory (helps reduce skin inflammation and swelling). Topical use for skin discomfort, including itchiness. Mild Diuretic Helps regulate menstrual cycles and alleviate cramps and bloating. |
Although generally safe, consult your physician before using it if you are taking medication. 90pI`f pregnant or breastfeeding consult your healthcare provider before use. |
Chrysanthemum Flowers |
Eye Health – Can help improve vision and relieve symptoms of dry or itchy eyes. |
Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to chrysanthemum, especially those who are allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family (e.g., daisies, marigolds). |
Comfrey Root (Symphytum officinale) |
Anti-inflammatory (reduces swelling) Commonly used in topical treatments for bruises, sprains, aches, and pains.
|
Do not use internally – can be toxic to the liver if ingested in large amounts. Do not take with medications that induce liver enzymes, including St. John’s Wort and Schisandra, as well as epilepsy medication. Consult your medical professional before use. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding. |
Cramp Bark (Viburnum Opulus)
|
Anti-Spasmodic and relaxant for muscular tension and spasm (primarily menstrual cramps). Helps with pain and discomfort. Has mild sedative properties – can help with relaxation and stress relief. |
Consult your medical professional if you are taking other medication. Do not take if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
|
Dandelion (Root) (Taraxacum officinale) |
Diuretic – promotes urination Liver and kidney detox remedy Reduces inflammation and joint discomfort Stimulates appetite |
Possible side effects include heartburn, mild diarrhea, and stomach discomfort. Can interact with other medication – consult your physician before use. |
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)
|
Boosts the immune system and reduces swelling. Prevents and treats cold and flu symptoms.
|
Side effects of eating raw elderberries include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Talk to your physician if you are taking laxatives. |
Eleuthero Root (Siberian ginseng) |
Adaptogen - Stress reliever Improves cognitive function and helps with mental fatigue. Helps the body’s resistance to infections and illness |
Eleuthero may affect blood pressure – individuals with hypertension should monitor their levels and consult a healthcare provider before using. Use cautiously if you suffer from anxiety issues or insomnia |
Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis) |
Anti-inflammatory – alleviates seasonal allergies. Relieves eye redness, swelling, and helps with sinus congestion and sneezing. |
Not sterile -- Do not use as a topical eye treatment |
Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium)
|
Fever management. Treat migraine headaches, arthritis, and painful and heavy menstruation/digestive problems. Anti-inflammatory |
Possible side effects: Stomach upset and itchy rash. It may interact with aspirin and anticoagulant drugs. Be cautious if you have a known sensitivity or allergy to plants in the daisy (Asteraceae) family. |
Frankincense (Boswellia Carteri) |
Aromatic resin Known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Digestive health / Respiratory health Essential oil is often used in aromatherapy to reduce stress and promote relaxation. |
May interact with blood clotting medications as it has anticoagulant properties. Consult a healthcare provider if you are on medication. Can cause skin irritation – perform a patch test first. |
Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale) |
Counteracts effect of having a cold on the body Digestive relief Promotes healthy digestion Reduces nausea
|
Ginger may have blood-thinning effects. Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.
|
Goldenrod (Solidago species)
|
Diuretic Anti-inflammatory / Antioxidant / Antimicrobial / Anti-fungal Natural antihistamine (contains quercetin, which relieves sinus congestion, runny nose, and inflammation)
|
It may interact with aspirin and anticoagulant drugs. Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction if they are sensitive to plants in the Asteraceae family. Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.
|
Hawthorne Berry Crategus laevigata & Crataegus monogyna |
High antioxidant content may help lower blood pressure and cholesterol, reduce inflammation. When used topically is can help with sores and itching. May also help with anxiety related heart and circulation issues. |
May interact with heart medications, blood thinners, and blood pressure-lowering drugs Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. |
Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) |
Rich in antioxidants like vitamin C, beta-carotene, and anthocyanins. Can help lower blood pressure and lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels. Help reduce nervousness. Natural antibacterial properties
|
Do not use if you have a peanut allergy – Hibiscus is often intercropped with peanuts.
Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. |
Holy Basil a/k/a Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)
|
Adaptogen – helps with brain fog and exhaustion. Anti-inflammatory Treats respiratory disorders. Invokes wholeness and uplifts the spirit – opens the heart and mind. |
Generally considered safe for most people. Possible side effects: Nausea, diarrhea, and worsening hypothyroidism. Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. |
Hops Flowers (Humulus lupulus)
|
Nervine Contains sedative and analgesic properties Promotes a restful night’s sleep Anti-inflammatory Antimicrobial |
Hops may cause drowsiness. May also cause respiratory illness when inhaling hop dust. Long term – do not use if you have hypertension, liver disorder, edema, kidney insufficiency, low blood potassium or heart disease. |
Lavender (Lavandula)
|
Adaptogen – reduces stress Promotes relaxation and sleep quality. May assist with migraines, aches and discomfort. |
May increase drowsiness when combined with sedative medications. Some people may experience skin irritation. Pregnant/nursing women should consult their healthcare provider before use. |
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) |
Nervine Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal. Good for skin and reduces signs of aging Digestive aid
|
Consult a healthcare professional before using if pregnant or breastfeeding. People with hypothyroidism should consult a doctor before using lemon balm, as it may interfere with thyroid function. |
Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus)
|
Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial (may prevent the growth of some bacteria and yeast). Might be used as a sedative – Improves sleep and reduces tension. Treats gastrointestinal problems. Spiritual – can be used to enhance focus and purify the mind. |
May affect individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions. Do not use excessively. In high doses, lemongrass essential oil can damage the liver and stomach mucous membranes. |
Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) |
Adaptogen (stress reliever) Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory (swelling) Digestive health -- Stomach upset and acid reflux) |
Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. Those suffering from high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney or liver problems, or hypokalemia (low potassium) should avoid taking licorice root. |
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum, Carduus marianum) |
Detox -- It can be useful in treating liver damage caused by drinking a lot of alcohol. It can also be used for a variety of digestive conditions. |
Generally safe but may cause mild digestive discomfort. Not recommended for anyone with a known sensitivity to plants in the daisy (Asteraceae family). Not to be used in high doses – increases levels of level enzymes. |
Mullein (Verbascum thapsus)
|
Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antispasmodic Diuretic Treats respiratory issues expectorant) Can also possibly treat inflammatory skin conditions (mullein-infused oil) |
Small hairs on plant may cause mouth irritation – filter before use. Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. |
Oat straw (Avena sativa) |
Nervine Nutritive (iron, minerals & calcium) Supports the nervous system Antioxidant Supports healthy sleep Enhances brain function Helps with management of cholesterol and blood sugars |
Do not use if allergic to Oat straw. Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.
|
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata)
|
Nervine - reduces nervous tension and promotes emotional balance. Sleep Aid Antispasmodic - useful for muscle cramps and tension. |
May cause drowsiness. Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. |
Plantain Leaf (Plantago major / Plantago lanceolata)
|
Wound healing Anti-inflammatory (discomfort and swelling). Digestive aid Acts as mild expectorant |
Generally safe but may cause mild allergic reactions in some individuals. Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. |
Pu’her White Tea
*Caffeinated*
|
Antioxidant May improve digestion Potential weight loss support |
Individuals sensitive to caffeine may experience restlessness or have trouble sleeping. |
Red Clover Blossoms (Trifolium pratense) |
Treats and alleviates menopausal systems – good for hormonal health May help with bone density. May lower cholesterol |
Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. |
Red Raspberry Leaves (Rubus idaeus)
|
Reduces inflammation and strengthens bones. Regulates blood sugar control; Improves heart health. Good for skin and complexion |
Consult a physician before use if you have a hormone-sensitive condition. Red Raspberry leaf might act like estrogen. |
Rhodiola Root (Rhodiola rosea) |
Adaptogen (helpful with stress management) Helps manage fatigue and improve physical endurance |
Possible dizziness and dry mouth Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. |
Rooibos Tea
|
Rich in antioxidants Help reduce inflammation, potentially lowering the risk of chronic diseases Soothes the digestive tract Metabolism Boost |
|
Rosehips (Rosa Canina)
|
Nutritive tonic that supports cardiovascular health. Anti-Inflammatory (may help reduce joint pain potentially beneficial for arthritis symptoms) Good for digestive health Antioxidant Might help in weight loss |
Avoid if allergic to roses. Do not take certain medical conditions including sickle cell disease. Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.
|
Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) |
Used to reduce anxiety and stress. It has mild sedative properties that help calm the nervous system. Sleep aid -- treats insomnia Alleviates digestive issues Anti-inflammatory |
Do not take if you have a condition that affects liver function. Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications. |
Soursop (Graviola)
Soursop Fruit Powder (Annona muricata
|
Anti-Inflammatory Stabilizes blood pressure May fight bacteria May aid weight loss. Soursop is high in Vitamin C, an antioxidant known to boost immune health and improve its ability to defend against pathogens. |
Consult your physician before taking. May interact with blood pressure and diabetes medication (can cause blood pressure and blood sugar levels to drop) DO NOT eat Soursop seeds – remove before eating the fruit – they have toxic compounds and may cause harmful side effects. |
St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)
|
Used for stress, tension, depression, and exhaustion. Treats cramps and IBS. Red oil of St. John’s Wort is used topically to treat wounds and burns.
|
Avoid taking it if you are suffering from a serious illness, including immunosuppressive illnesses Avoid taking it if you are taking immunosuppressive medications, blood thinners, or if you suffer from severe depression.
|
Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) |
Nutrient-rich, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying. Relieves sinus congestion and asthma. |
Some people may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation, especially when handling fresh nettle. May interact with medications such as blood thinners, diuretics, and diabetes medications May cause diarrhea, constipation, and an upset stomach in some people. Do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding. |
Turmeric Root (Curcuma longa, Curcuma domestica)
|
Adaptogen Reduces inflammation/swelling and treats joint discomfort Can reduce cholesterol levels
|
Possible side effects: Abdominal discomfort, headache, Bitter taste. Consult a physician if you have a family history of kidney stones or if you are being treated with chemotherapy. Do not take turmeric supplements if you are taking aspirin or are on blood thinners. |
Valerian Root (Valeriana officinalis)
|
Eases tension and improves sleep. Calms muscle spasm and menopausal symptoms |
Start with a small dose to assess tolerance – Might interact with anti-anxiety or anti-depressant medications. Some individuals might experience GI discomfort. Do not use if you have pancreatic, liver, or gallbladder disease. |
White Willow Bark (Salix alba)
|
Analgesic / Anti-inflammatory Treats joint and muscle aches and pains. May help with weight loss |
Do not use if you are sensitive to aspirin. Discontinue use before surgery or chemotherapy due to risk of bleeding. |
Wild Cherry Bark (Prunus serotina)
|
Cough suppressant / Expectorant Anti-inflammatory - has properties that can help reduce respiratory inflammation Sedative -- can help promote relaxation and improve sleep. Can help relieve indigestion, nausea, and gastrointestinal discomfort. |
Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women. Please contact your healthcare practitioner if you are taking prescription medications
|
Wild Lettuce (Lactuca virosa) a/k/a Lettuce Opium
|
Nervine Natural sedative (helps ease stress and promotes sleep). Helps alleviate mild to moderate pain (headaches, muscle pain, and menstrual cramps). Cough Suppressant/Expectorant Sleep Aid |
Take in moderation – using liquid extracts used in unsafe ways can cause health problems. It can cause toxic effects when eaten fresh and before the usual time for harvesting herbs. |
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
|
Promotes wound healing - stops bleeding and speeds up the healing process. Astringent and anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce swelling and prevent infection It can also treat muscle and joint discomfort. |
Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.
|
Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis)
*Caffeinated*
|
Helps enhance mental alertness, concentration, and cognitive function. A natural energy boost that can also help combat fatigue. May assist in weight management by boosting metabolism and promoting fat oxidation. |
Individuals sensitive to caffeine may experience restlessness or have trouble sleeping. |
GLOSSARY
Adaptogens – Herbs that help the body cope with stress and restore balance. Adaptogens can be stimulating or relaxing and also may improve focus.
Nervine – Herbs that support the nervous system. Nerves are usually calming but not all calming herbs are nervines. Calming nervines can ease worry and be helpful for occasional sleepless nights.
Carminatives – Herbs that help keep our digestive systems happy by reducing or prevent excess gas.
Diuretic – Herbs that help you urinate.
Emollients – Herbs that are used topically to help soothe, condition, or protect your skin.
Expectorant – Herbs that encourage productive coughing by breaking up mucus in the lungs aiding in expelling it more effectively.
REFERENCES
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/herbsataglance
Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbal_medicine
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center provides a detailed scientific listing of herbs and their interactions with drugs that you might be taking. Well annotated.
Herbal Reality – (non-profit) is a great reference and has both herbalist-based content and an influence of science. See “Herbs” and “Research” sections.
Herbal Vendors
Mountain Rose - https://mountainroseherbs.com
Starwest Botanicals - https://www.starwest-botanicals.com
Organic Way - https://organicwayllc.com
Disclaimer: This information is being provided for educational purposes only. These products and any statements made regarding these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The efficacy of these products has not been confirmed by FDA research. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. All information provided is not meant as a substitute for or alternative to information from healthcare practitioners. Please consult your healthcare professional about potential interactions or other possible complications before using this product.
Pearl Botanicals nor its manager assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to a person or property as a matter of products liability, negligence, or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, or instructions.