BOTANICAL REFERENCE

 

BOTANICAL REFERENCE

This reference/glossary is for informational purposes only.  The products and information provided are not intended to be used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or illness, and are not a substitute for professional medical advice.

General cautions: 

·        ALWAYS consult a healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are taking medication, have a long-term illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding, to ensure it’s safe for your specific needs.

·        Keep out of reach of children.

NAME/LATIN NAME

BENEFITS

SIDE EFFECTS/CAUTIONARY

Arnica

(Arnica montana) 

 

Reduces swelling and possibly improves circulation in affected areas, speeding up healing.

Relieves muscle and joint pain

Anti-inflammatory

 

Generally safe for external use but should not be applied on broken skin or open wounds.  Do not use if allergic to sunflowers, marigolds, ragweed, or plants from the sunflower family. Speak with your healthcare provider before use if you are taking blood thinners

Ashwagandha

(Withania somnifera)

 

 

Adaptogen – Stress reliever

Helps improve energy levels (fatigue) and enhance overall well-being.  

Also reduces joint pain and has been used to treat diabetes.

 

It may cause the immune system to become more active and increase symptoms of an auto-immune disease.  It can also lower your blood pressure. 

Side effects may include Nausea, Headache, Drowsiness, and stomach irritation.

Black Cohosh Root

(Cimicifuga racemosa)

 

 

Used to treat pre-menstrual bloating and mood swings,  menstrual cramps, and symptoms you may get during menopause.

Side effects of using high amounts include Stomach upset, Nausea, and rash.

Butterbur Root

(Petasites hybridus)

 

Antispasmodic – great for allergies. Contains active components that block histamine production and reduce nasal inflammation. It can also help with migraines frequently.  The root contains compounds that can help reduce inflammation and spasms.

Consult your physician if you are allergic to ragweed or hyper-sensitive to Butterbur.

If you have liver disease, consult your physician before taking.

Butterfly Pea Flowers

(Clitoria ternatea)

Helps relieve stress; Rich in antioxidants; Anti-inflammatory;

Anxiolytic and Antidepressant.

Good for brain health and

cognitive function

Diuretic and digestive benefits – can help with weight management

Eye health

Consult with a healthcare provider before use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.  If you are taking medications for blood pressure or diabetes, consult your healthcare provider.

Use with caution if you have low blood pressure.


Calendula

(Calendula officinalis)

 

Antiseptic and anti-inflammatory

Reduces swelling and aids wound healing.

Contains antimicrobial and antifungal properties.

Treats and soothes irritated skin.

 

Calendula is part of the Asteraceae family, which also includes plants like ragweed, chrysanthemums, and daisies.

May slow down blood clotting, so it's advisable to stop using it at least 

two weeks before any scheduled surgery. Consult your physician.


 

California Poppy Seed

(Eschscholzia californica)

Stress reliever and can calm the nervous system.

Promotes a sense of well-being

Natural sedative and sleep aid that does not cause drowsiness.

Digestive support

Urinary system support

Avoid use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.  May interact with other sedative and/or central nervous system medications – consult your healthcare physician before use. 

 

Capsaicin

 

Relieves discomfort caused by swollen joints and nerve pain.  Relieves itching.

Might aid in weight loss.

Side effects:  Burning, redness, soreness, and swelling.

Chamomile

(Matricaria chamomilla 

or Chamaemelum nobile)

 

Nervine

Great sleep and relaxation aid. 

Can help with indigestion, gas, bloating, and diarrhea. 

Anti-inflammatory and pain reliever.

 

Chamomile is part of the Asteraceae family, which also includes plants like ragweed, chrysanthemums, and daisies.

 

Consult your physician before use if taking a blood thinner.

 

While Chamomile is considered a generally safe herb, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, consult a physician before use as it may stimulate uterine contractions.

Chickweed 

(Stellaria media)

 

Anti-inflammatory (helps reduce skin inflammation and swelling). 

Topical use for skin discomfort, including itchiness. 

Mild Diuretic

Helps regulate menstrual cycles and alleviate cramps and bloating.

Although generally safe, consult your physician before using it if you are taking medication.

90pI`f pregnant or breastfeeding consult your healthcare provider before use.

Chrysanthemum Flowers

Eye Health – Can help improve vision and relieve symptoms of dry or itchy eyes.
Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory; Immune support
Can be used to alleviate nervousness and insomnia

Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to chrysanthemum, especially those who

are allergic to plants in the Asteraceae family (e.g., daisies, marigolds).

Comfrey Root

(Symphytum officinale)




Anti-inflammatory (reduces swelling)

Commonly used in topical treatments for bruises, sprains, aches, and pains.

 

Do not use internally – can be toxic to the liver if ingested in large amounts.   Do not take with medications that induce liver enzymes, including St. John’s Wort and Schisandra, as well as epilepsy medication.  Consult your medical professional before use.

Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.

Cramp Bark

(Viburnum Opulus)

 

Anti-Spasmodic and relaxant for muscular tension and spasm (primarily menstrual cramps).

Helps with pain and discomfort.

Has mild sedative properties – can help with relaxation and stress relief.

Consult your medical professional if you are taking other medication.

Do not take if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. 

 

Dandelion (Root)      

(Taraxacum officinale)



Diuretic – promotes urination

Liver and kidney detox remedy

Reduces inflammation and joint discomfort

Stimulates appetite

Possible side effects include heartburn, mild diarrhea, and stomach discomfort.

Can interact with other medication – consult your physician before use.

Elderberry 

(Sambucus nigra)

 

Boosts the immune system and reduces swelling.  Prevents and treats cold and flu symptoms. 

 

Side effects of eating raw elderberries include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness.

Talk to your physician if you are taking laxatives.

Eleuthero Root

(Siberian ginseng)

Adaptogen - Stress reliever

Improves cognitive function and  helps with mental fatigue.

Helps the body’s resistance to infections and illness

Eleuthero may affect blood pressure – individuals with hypertension should monitor their levels and consult a healthcare provider before using.

Use cautiously if you suffer from anxiety issues or insomnia

Eyebright 

(Euphrasia officinalis)



Anti-inflammatory – alleviates seasonal allergies.

Relieves eye redness, swelling, and helps with sinus congestion and sneezing.

Not sterile -- Do not use as a topical eye treatment

Feverfew

(Tanacetum parthenium)

 

Fever management.

Treat migraine headaches, arthritis, and painful and heavy menstruation/digestive problems.

Anti-inflammatory

Possible side effects:  Stomach upset and itchy rash.

It may interact with aspirin and anticoagulant drugs.

Be cautious if you have a known sensitivity or allergy to plants in the daisy (Asteraceae) family.

Frankincense

(Boswellia Carteri)

Aromatic resin

Known for its anti-inflammatory properties.

Digestive health / Respiratory health

Essential oil is often used in aromatherapy to reduce stress and promote relaxation.

May interact with blood clotting medications as it has anticoagulant properties. Consult a healthcare provider if you are on medication.

Can cause skin irritation – perform a patch test first.

Ginger Root

(Zingiber officinale)

Counteracts effect of having a cold on the body

Digestive relief

Promotes healthy digestion

Reduces nausea

 

Ginger may have blood-thinning effects.  Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

 

Goldenrod

(Solidago species)

 

Diuretic

Anti-inflammatory / Antioxidant /

Antimicrobial / Anti-fungal

Natural antihistamine (contains quercetin, which relieves sinus congestion, runny nose, and inflammation)

 

It may interact with aspirin and anticoagulant drugs. Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction if they are sensitive to plants in the Asteraceae family.

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

 

Hawthorne Berry

Crategus laevigata &

Crataegus monogyna

High antioxidant content may help lower blood pressure and cholesterol, reduce inflammation.  When used topically is can help with sores and itching.  May also help with anxiety related heart and circulation issues.

May interact with heart medications, blood thinners, and blood pressure-lowering drugs

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.


 

Hibiscus

(Hibiscus sabdariffa)

Rich in antioxidants like vitamin C, beta-carotene, and anthocyanins.

Can help lower blood pressure and lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels.

Help reduce nervousness.

Natural antibacterial properties

 

Do not use if you have a peanut allergy – Hibiscus is often intercropped with peanuts.

 

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

Holy Basil a/k/a Tulsi

(Ocimum sanctum)

 

Adaptogen – helps with brain fog and exhaustion.

Anti-inflammatory

Treats respiratory disorders.

Invokes wholeness and uplifts the spirit – opens the heart and mind.

 Generally considered safe for most people. Possible side effects: Nausea, diarrhea, and worsening hypothyroidism.

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

Hops Flowers

(Humulus lupulus)

 

Nervine

Contains sedative and analgesic properties

Promotes a restful night’s sleep

Anti-inflammatory

Antimicrobial

Hops may cause drowsiness. May also cause respiratory illness when inhaling hop dust. Long term – do not use if you have hypertension, liver disorder, edema, kidney insufficiency, low blood potassium or heart disease.

Lavender

(Lavandula)

 

Adaptogen – reduces stress

Promotes relaxation and sleep quality.

May assist with migraines, aches and discomfort.

May increase drowsiness when combined with sedative medications.

Some people may experience skin irritation.

Pregnant/nursing women should consult their healthcare provider before use.

Lemon Balm

(Melissa officinalis)

Nervine

Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal.

Good for skin and reduces signs of aging

Digestive aid

 

 

Consult a healthcare professional before using if pregnant or breastfeeding.

People with hypothyroidism should consult a doctor before using lemon balm, as it may interfere with thyroid function.

Lemon Grass

(Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon flexuosus)

 

Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial (may prevent the growth of some bacteria and yeast). Might be used as a sedative –  Improves sleep and reduces tension.

Treats gastrointestinal problems.

Spiritual – can be used to enhance focus and purify the mind.

May affect individuals with hormone-sensitive conditions. Do not use excessively.  In high doses, lemongrass essential oil can damage the liver and stomach mucous membranes.

Licorice Root

(Glycyrrhiza glabra)

Adaptogen (stress reliever)

Antioxidant

Anti-inflammatory (swelling)

Digestive health -- Stomach upset and acid reflux)

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

Those suffering from high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney or liver problems, or hypokalemia (low potassium) should avoid taking licorice root.


 

Milk Thistle

(Silybum marianum, Carduus marianum)

Detox -- It can be useful in treating liver damage caused by drinking a lot of alcohol.

It can also be used for a variety of digestive conditions.

Generally safe but may cause mild digestive discomfort.  Not recommended for anyone with a known sensitivity to plants in the daisy (Asteraceae family).

Not to be used in high doses – increases levels of level enzymes.

Mullein

(Verbascum thapsus)

 

Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antispasmodic

Diuretic

Treats respiratory issues expectorant)

Can also possibly treat inflammatory skin conditions (mullein-infused oil)

Small hairs on plant may cause mouth irritation – filter before use.

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

Oat straw

(Avena sativa)

Nervine

Nutritive (iron, minerals & calcium)

Supports the nervous system

Antioxidant

Supports healthy sleep    

Enhances brain function

Helps with management of cholesterol and blood sugars

Do not use if allergic to Oat straw. 

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

 

 

Passionflower

(Passiflora incarnata)

 

Nervine - reduces nervous tension and promotes emotional balance. 

Sleep Aid

Antispasmodic - useful for muscle cramps and tension.

May cause drowsiness.

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

Plantain Leaf

(Plantago major / 

Plantago lanceolata) 

 

Wound healing

Anti-inflammatory (discomfort and swelling). 

Digestive aid

Acts as mild expectorant

Generally safe but may cause mild allergic reactions in some individuals.

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

Pu’her White Tea

 

*Caffeinated*

 

Antioxidant

May improve digestion

Potential weight loss support

Individuals sensitive to caffeine may experience restlessness or have trouble sleeping.

Red Clover Blossoms

(Trifolium pratense)

Treats and alleviates menopausal systems – good for hormonal health

May help with bone density.

May lower cholesterol

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

Red Raspberry Leaves  

(Rubus idaeus)

 

 

Reduces inflammation and strengthens bones. Regulates blood sugar control; Improves heart health.  Good for skin and complexion

Consult a physician before use if you have a hormone-sensitive condition.  Red Raspberry leaf might act like estrogen.

Rhodiola Root

(Rhodiola rosea)

Adaptogen (helpful with stress management)

Helps manage fatigue and improve physical endurance

Possible dizziness and dry mouth

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

Rooibos Tea

 

Rich in antioxidants

Help reduce inflammation, potentially lowering the risk of chronic diseases

Soothes the digestive tract

Metabolism Boost

 

 

Rosehips

(Rosa Canina)

 

 

Nutritive tonic that supports cardiovascular health.

Anti-Inflammatory (may help reduce joint pain  potentially beneficial for arthritis symptoms)

Good for digestive health

Antioxidant

Might help in weight loss

Avoid if allergic to roses.

Do not take certain medical conditions including sickle cell disease.

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

 

Skullcap

(Scutellaria lateriflora)

Used to reduce anxiety and stress.  It has mild sedative properties that help calm the nervous system.

Sleep aid -- treats insomnia

Alleviates digestive issues

Anti-inflammatory

Do not take if you have a condition that affects liver function. 

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

Soursop

(Graviola)

 

Soursop Fruit Powder (Annona muricata

 

Anti-Inflammatory

Stabilizes blood pressure

May fight bacteria

May aid weight loss.

Soursop is high in Vitamin C, an antioxidant known to boost immune health and improve its ability to defend against pathogens.

Consult your physician before taking.  May interact with blood pressure and diabetes medication (can cause blood pressure and blood sugar levels to drop)

DO NOT eat Soursop seeds – remove before eating the fruit – they have toxic compounds and may cause harmful side effects. 

St. John's Wort

(Hypericum perforatum)

 

 

Used for stress, tension, depression, and exhaustion. 

Treats cramps and IBS.

Red oil of St. John’s Wort is used topically to treat wounds and burns.

 

Avoid taking it if you are suffering from a serious illness, including immunosuppressive illnesses

Avoid taking it if you are taking immunosuppressive medications, blood thinners, or if you suffer from severe depression.

 

Stinging Nettle  

(Urtica dioica)



Nutrient-rich, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying.  Relieves sinus congestion and asthma.

Some people may experience allergic reactions or skin irritation, especially when handling fresh nettle.

May interact with medications such as blood thinners, diuretics, and diabetes medications

May cause diarrhea, constipation, and an upset stomach in some people.

Do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding.

Turmeric Root 

(Curcuma longa, Curcuma domestica)

 

Adaptogen

Reduces inflammation/swelling and treats joint discomfort

Can reduce cholesterol levels

 

Possible side effects:  Abdominal discomfort, headache, Bitter taste.

Consult a physician if you have a family history of kidney stones or if you are being treated with chemotherapy.

Do not take turmeric supplements if you are taking aspirin or are on blood thinners.

Valerian Root

(Valeriana officinalis)

 

 

Eases tension and improves sleep.  Calms muscle spasm and menopausal symptoms

Start with a small dose to assess tolerance –

Might interact with anti-anxiety or anti-depressant medications. 

Some individuals might experience GI discomfort.  Do not use if you have pancreatic, liver, or gallbladder disease.

White Willow Bark 

(Salix alba)

 

 

Analgesic / Anti-inflammatory

Treats joint and muscle aches and pains.

May help with weight loss

Do not use if you are sensitive to aspirin.

Discontinue use before surgery or chemotherapy due to risk of bleeding.

Wild Cherry Bark 

(Prunus serotina)

 

 

 

Cough suppressant / Expectorant

Anti-inflammatory -  has properties that can help reduce respiratory inflammation

Sedative -- can help promote relaxation and improve sleep.

Can help relieve indigestion,  nausea, and gastrointestinal discomfort.

Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women.

Please contact your healthcare practitioner if you are taking prescription medications

 


Wild Lettuce 

(Lactuca virosa)

a/k/a Lettuce Opium

 

 

Nervine

Natural sedative (helps ease stress and promotes sleep). 

Helps alleviate mild to moderate pain (headaches, muscle pain, and menstrual cramps). 

Cough Suppressant/Expectorant

Sleep Aid

Take in moderation – using liquid extracts used in unsafe ways can cause health problems.

It can cause toxic effects when eaten fresh and before the usual time for harvesting herbs.

Yarrow 

(Achillea millefolium)

 

Promotes wound healing - stops bleeding and speeds up the healing process.

Astringent and anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce swelling and prevent infection

It can also treat muscle and joint discomfort.

Consult your healthcare provider before using herbal products, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, or on any medications.

 

Yerba Mate 

(Ilex paraguariensis)

 

*Caffeinated*

 

Helps enhance mental alertness, concentration, and cognitive function.

A natural energy boost that can also help combat fatigue.

May assist in weight management by boosting metabolism and promoting fat oxidation.

Individuals sensitive to caffeine may experience restlessness or have trouble sleeping.

 

GLOSSARY

Adaptogens – Herbs that help the body cope with stress and restore balance.  Adaptogens can be stimulating or relaxing and also may improve focus.

Nervine – Herbs that support the nervous system.  Nerves are usually calming but not all calming herbs are nervines.  Calming nervines can ease worry and be helpful for occasional sleepless nights.

Carminatives – Herbs that help keep our digestive systems happy by reducing or prevent excess gas.

Diuretic – Herbs that help you urinate.

Emollients – Herbs that are used topically to help soothe, condition, or protect your skin.

Expectorant – Herbs that encourage productive coughing by breaking up mucus in the lungs aiding in expelling it more effectively.

REFERENCES

 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/herbsataglance

Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbal_medicine

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center provides a detailed scientific listing of herbs and their interactions with drugs that you might be taking.  Well annotated. 

Herbal Reality (non-profit) is a great reference and has both herbalist-based content and an influence of science. See “Herbs” and “Research” sections.

Herbal Vendors

 

Mountain Rose - https://mountainroseherbs.com

Starwest Botanicals - https://www.starwest-botanicals.com

 Organic Way - https://organicwayllc.com

 

Disclaimer:  This information is being provided for educational purposes only.  These products and any statements made regarding these products have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).  The efficacy of these products has not been confirmed by FDA research.  These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.  All information provided is not meant as a substitute for or alternative to information from healthcare practitioners.  Please consult your healthcare professional about potential interactions or other possible complications before using this product.

 

Pearl Botanicals nor its manager assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to a person or property as a matter of products liability, negligence, or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, or instructions.